Writer:Dhruba Narayan kohar
Pratapur-3 Somani 8 Nandapurkutti
Bsc.Ag Banarus Hindu university ,India
INTRODUCTION: -
In areas where paddy fields remain water for 3 to 8 months in a year, paddy cum fish culture can provide an additional supply of fish crop. The culture of fish in fields, which remain flooded even after the paddy is harvested, might also serve as an off-shore occupation for farmers. In recent years, however, with the advent of high yielding verities of paddy, the use of insecticide,
pesticide, weedicide and fungicide, many of which even in minute quantities are highly toxic to aquatic life, has become widely prevalent. Fish culture, therefore, is no more compatible with paddy farming wherever the latest high yielding verities of paddy are cultivated. Paddy-cumfish culture is an old practice in several countries as Japan,Malaysia, Italy, China and India. In
some north eastern states of India it is practiced to an appreciable extent .
As paddy fields remain flooded with water for several months, fish can be grown there at low cost in addition to rice. Over 80 million ha of land produce the world supply of rice, and in favourable situations
at the end of the season, paddy-cum fish culture yields 3 Kg. or more of fish per ha for an inundation period of 3 to 8 months.
Objectives of paddy cum fish culture : -
The objectives of the programme are: -
To develop an understanding of rural and different situations prevailing in villages with special reference to agriculture among the students.
To gain knowledge and experience on the operational aspects of agricultural
technology being used/adopted by the farmers.
To acquaint the students with the functioning of Agro-based industries and to gain first
hand information.
To provide an opportunity for practical training in crop production and plant protection
through work experience.
To familiarize with socio-economic conditions of farmers and several agencies and
institutions involved in rural development.
To help the students to understand the problems pertaining to agriculture in villages
with special reference to constraints in application of latest agricultural technology.
To develop communications skills in students using extension training methods in the
transfer of Technology.
Integrated paddy cum fish culture: -
1.Perenial system of paddy cum fish culture.
2. Synchronous refuge pond system of paddy cum fish culture
1. Perenial system of paddy cum fish culture: -
In this system of integration single crop of fish is raised along with 2 crops of
paddy, covering both the seasons.
2. Synchronous refuge pond system of paddy cum fish culture: -
In this system of paddy cum fish farming the fish crop is raised
synchronously with paddy during the monsoon period.
Preparation of field: -
Preparation of the paddy plot can vary according to the land contours and
topography.
1. Perimeter type: The paddy growing area may be placed at the middle with moderate
elevation and ground sloping on all sides into perimeter trenches to facilitate easy drainage.
2. Central pond type: Paddy growing area is on the fringe with slopes towards the middle.
3. Lateral trench type: Trenches are prepared on one or both lateral sides of the moderately
sloping paddy filed.
Here we are discussing lateral trench type in synchronous refuge system: -
1.where to prepare the field?
This system adopted in the area where water retention capacity is high.
2. How to prepare the field: -
i. In this system, 9500 – 9700 sq.m is used for paddy and 300 -500 sq.m field for trench
preparation.
ii. Height and width of the bund should be 30 *30 cm.
iii. In the whole field four trenches are prepared, which are 75 cm width and 50cm deep.
iv. First trench are prepared at 12.5 m apart from the bund and rest are 25 -25 cm apart from
each .
3. Application of fertilizer and transplanting:-
FYM – 10 ton/ha.
Urea - 326 kg/ha.
SSP – 312 kg/ha.
Mop – 83 kg/ha.
-The whole amount of FYM SSP mop and urea are applied as basal dose.
-Transplanting are done 2 -3 plant at 25*10 cm.
-The level of water maintains half of the plant height up to the 15 -20 days.
Releasing of fingerling in the field: -
one week after the transplanting the fingerling are release @ 10000
fingerling/ha.
4. Feed of the fish: -
- rice bran : fish meal – 2 : 1
- 5% according to weight of the fish
- at one week interval
5. Weed management: -
if required weeding is done by manual
6. Insect pest management: -
apply carbofuron (furadon) @ 3 g/sq.m in the nursery 5 – 7day before the
transplanting
7. Application of lime: -
- initially - 25 – 30 kg
- then apply 20 -25 kg at one- one month interval
Production: -
rice – 40 – 50 qt./ha.
Fish – 1400 – 1500 kg/ha.
Merits of rice cum fish culture: -
1. Full utilization of land.
2. Increase income of the farmer.
3. Increase in the production of the rice.
4. Partial control of insect and pest
Constraint:
1.Less use of the chemical.
2. use suitable variety of the fish which does not harm the crop and servive in less water .
3. Timely monitoring of the field is done.
4. The bund of the field should be high so that over flow of the water does
take place in case of high rain fall.
Conclusion
Paddy cum fish culture program is one of the innovative working experience for me, before this
program I never ever did such work in my life .so in my view its new thing and good
understanding work to know in this paddy cum fish culture program. Up to 3 rd year we had
only theoretical knowledge about all production and field work experience but since after this
paddy cum fish culture program I came to know various aspect regarding agro-techniques .In this program we have not just only seen it but we have practically done it.in this each student
were allotted demonstration topic as well as assignment .for demonstration we had to work
with our group member.through this paddy cum fish culture we come to know how the people
work in group or lives in community for helping each other by various ways.
As my demonstration topic was paddy cum fish culture which I have
to cultivated it in low land area ,through this I came to know about the various problem which
was faced by farmers while farming like-maintainance of water level in field, figure ling of fish
,management of fertilizer, pest problem, and various agronomical practices.but we had did all
this first time in my life and its became a good experience for me, which will some how helpful
for me in future.we have done harvesting of fish from paddy field first time in my life which has become a life time memorable experience . The other technique which I have seen are the
modern techniques of rice cultivation like drum seeders technique of paddy sowing .it is a new
technique of direct sowing of paddy through which the pre sprouted paddy seed are sown at equal interval of 20 cm. Dapog method of seedling prepration helps in seedling prepration in 11-14 days .and also can be made on various surface like concrete floor,or an elevated plateform can be used as seedbed .dapong method of seedling prepration was shown by dhruba group in very effective manner.
NADEP compost is an excellent example of using and decomposable farm waste and it is the cheapest method of manure preparation in a farm, though this method gives 40 kg manure can prepare from 1kg dung and reduce reliability onchemical fertilizer .this concept of NADEP is very much beneficial for marginal and small farmer where these farmer are unable to pay money for chemical fertilizer.
Through vermin-compost demonstration we are very much convience and which will provide a great help to the farmer for applying precise organic manure in farmers field which will not maintain microorganism in field but also maintain fertility of soil.in last demonstration dry land weeder we come to know about the efficiency of labour in to remove weed from mustard field
in very short period of time very effectively.one of our collogue who belongs to other country
he was able to clearly explain the aspect of dry land weeder .
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